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Because of the branding change, history will remember the Pentium (P5). It was really the Pentium Pro (P6) that put Intel leaps ahead on x86 microarchitecture, a lead they’d hold with only a few minor stumbles for two decades.

Bob Colwell (mentioned elsewhere ITT) wrote a fascinating technical history of the P6: The Pentium Chronicles.



The major stumble being having to cross licence AMD for the x64 opcode design thus ensuring at least two players in the field (and due to how it's going only two).


They also started to slip behind AMD in the Pentium 4/NetBurst era, but got their footing back with Core (a more direct descendant of the P6 than the Pentium 4!)

Around the same time, but I’d classify as separate stumbles.


During P4 Intel kept their footing with bribes. Article touches on this

"Some companies, notably Dell, remained Intel-only well into the 21st century,"

Dell was receiving $1Billion a year in bribes from Intel https://247wallst.com/consumer-electronics/2007/02/02/michea...

"The documents filed in District Court claim that there were $1 billion in kickbacks and payments."

That was the only way to make big boys plunge into Pentium 4 with Rambus fiasco.




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