Parameterized queries have been a thing for decades, which mitigate SQL injection attacks.[1] This is true of the examples in the post too, they used this:
query = """
SELECT * from tasks
WHERE id = $1
AND state = $2
FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
"""
rec = await self.db.fetchone(query=query, args=[task_id, TaskState.PENDING], connection=connection)
Parameterized queries fail to protect from SQL injection for decades, because database engine developers fail to listen. What could work instead, if any parameter could be safely injected:
SELECT $1, $2($3) FROM $4
WHERE $5 $6 $7
GROUP BY $1
ORDER BY $8 $9
but at that point SQL loses its point and turns into MongoDB query language.