Honest question here; is the phrase "same number of X and Y" equivalent mathematically to "the cardinality of X and the cardinality of Y are the same"? I was taught "no", since "number of" doesn't apply to any of the infinities.
But perhaps I was taught incorrectly, or I have misremembered.
Well, Cantor's big thing was partly that he extended cardinality to infinite sets (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_number). The first infinite cardinal \aleph_0 is the cardinality of the natural numbers.
But perhaps I was taught incorrectly, or I have misremembered.