there is a lot of work to be done with gauging tire traction.
it's (generally) done via comparison of RPM, but one can imagine some future tire that could realistically give feedback about how the weight is actually sitting on the tire, which portions are heating disproportionately, and which parts are experiencing friction anomalies versus the rest of the tire.
that's the direction it would have to kind of go towards to reach the dimensionality and resolution of human proprioception.
that kind of stuff is approached on F1 test rigs and cars. multiple IR laser therms and lidar to compare temperature across the tire at speed as well as judging deformation.
Cars with electric power steering has steering force sensors, as well as accelerometers, though cars generally don't have central computers - they're networked collection of feature computers in a topology somewhat like a sugar molecule.
Are there any cars out there that have something like a sense of touch and with it can sense the road or things that they crash into?