Not a tax accountant, but while just failing to file is a misdemeanor, if you actually owed money and it can be shown that you willfully attempted to evade paying taxes owed, that's a felony (I.R.C. § 7201).
Now, chances are they don't find out, or if they do you can play innocent and pay a fine. Personally, if I were in this situation I would either file, renounce, or never set foot on US soil.
Ergo, they can't call Interpol to get you for not filing.
(correct me if you're a tax accountant, but I'm 99.999% positive on that first statement and 80% confident on the second)