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On the note of PG&E, my electric bill averages to about $750 despite only running an air conditioner, several device chargers, a router, some lights and a fridge...

Thanks PG&E.


No wonder people are fleeing California in droves. There is absolutely no justification for a bill that high other than malfeasance or gross mismanagement. That is straight-up theft of your money.

For comparison, I have double that plus electric appliances and a home-lab with 6 rack servers that run 24/7 and my bill rarely tops $175 in the dead of summer. And I like the thermostat cold.

If you live in a duplex or condo I would consider if your meter is miswired (with your neighbor's meter daisy-chained to yours) and you are being double-billed. It is more common than you think and often goes undiscovered for years.


> No wonder people are fleeing California in droves

“Fleeing” is hyperbole. Population is roughly flat [1].

[1] https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/CA/PST045224


Both can be true.

There could be people fleeing that have lived there for some time, while being supplanted with newcomers. That would have a net zero effect.


I’m not sure why that counts as a useful definition of fleeing within the context of economic conditions.

Shrinking every year. Not good. ~40% people under 40 (or ~10% of the population) live with their parents. This is an indirect tax on parents since a majority of this class has no option to evict their kids.

North Korea has a stable population, people flee all the time. The comparison is apt. California's 4-walled fences are much tighter around their residents.


> North Korea has a stable population

How could you possibly know this.


Are these "device chargers" for BEVs like electric submarines or something? ;-)

In the broader SF Bay Area, our recent PG&E bills for a 50 year old single-family home without air-conditioning is under $150/mo, with a couple fridges, electric clothes dryer, and a half-dozen laptop class computers. That's averaging about 8-9 kWh per day (250-280 kWh/month).

Last winter, our bill ramped up to over $400/mo for a few months, due to heating with natural gas.


How many kWh monthly?

Let's say your overall rate is $0.50/kWh, that would put you at 1500kWh per month. Which is....high. Even if your rate were $1/kWh, 750kWh would be a decent amount of juice for a region with an overall mild climate.

The EIA[0] says the typical annual electricity consumption for homes in "the West" (ie not just California) is 8525kWh/year, or 710kWh/month.

[0] https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/electricit...


> Let's say your overall rate is $0.50/kWh

It's way higher than that with PG&E.

My PG&E bill tends to be around $500/mo and I run basically nothing out of the basics. Never turn on the A/C. Tiny house, normal usage of fridge, lights and the usual househould gadgets like washer/dryer. Near the coast so climate is cool, if we lived in the hot areas and had to run A/C I imagine it would be double at least.

The profound corruption of PG&E is an existential risk to California and Silicon Valley.


The top-end rate with PG&E is not way higher than $0.50/kWh. If you're paying $500/month with no AC and no homelab or whatever then you have something else sucking up vast amounts of power and you should spend some time with a killawatt measuring your appliances.

A kWh measurement would be handy. List rates for PG&E are (at the high end) ~$0.50/kWh. Sure with fees and such, I can see it higher, but throwing out a real number would be useful for the conversation on what goes into a $500 bill. There are also tiers if you are a higher consumer - all of which is hard to deduce with just a vague total bill value.

What rates are you being charged?

CA rates come in 4 tranches based on usage. Last I checked, its $0.10/kwh for the first tranch, 0.2 for the 2nd, 0.3 for the 3rd and 0.4 for the highest. I don't remember the cutoffs between the different levels. Its also possible those rates have changed in the last few years. But that's how CA does residential power bills. Most people never get into the 2nd tranche.

PS Where I live now, its $0.04/kwh and that's pretty normal in the rest of the US and in Latin America.


That is not at all how PG&E billing works. You can see the current rates and billing structure at https://www.pge.com/assets/pge/docs/account/rate-plans/resid....

So its completely changed since 2022 (last time I paid a PG&E bill). And the prices are multiple times more than in 2022 too. I didn't realize it had gotten so bad.

> Last I checked, its $0.10/kwh for the first tranch,...

That is completely wrong.


Don't forget the word "epic" (in terms of the literary definition).

Perhaps I am the odd one out here, but a small part of me wants to see what happens when you run a proprietary SOTA model on a laptop.


Currently I'm testing something like this just to see what happens. I have an old laptop with 4GB of RAM. I attached a USB drive with Gemma 4 31B model (which is 32.6 GB). Currently the laptop is running llama.cpp and trying to respond to a prompt by streaming the model from disk.

The USB drive light is flickering, showing something is happening. It's been about 8 hours since I entered the prompt and I've gotten about 10 tokens back so far. I'm going to leave it running overnight and see what happens.


Wow, that's a true worst case scenario especially if the USB is just plain old USB 2.0 (max 480 Mbps) and/or if the drive is a spinning disk. How's the CPU doing, though? Is there any headroom given the USB bottleneck?


running top shows the process llama-cli taking 29% of CPU and 88% of memory, while process usb-storage is taking 9% of cpu and 0% of memory


Nice.

What did you use to do this, something standard like llamacpp or something else like vllm or your own contraption ?


llama.cpp

It's now spit out about 40 tokens after maybe 18 hours and has not finished the "thinking" stage of responding to the prompt. I'll let it keep running to see what happens


Not sure if this is exactly the scenario you envision but I run ComfyUI on an Acer Helio 300 laptop, from four years ago. Has 16GB RAM, NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2060 w/6144MiB of VRAM and have generated a few images using "NetaYumev35_pretrained_all_in_one.safetensors" @ 10.6GB checkpoint, (well beyond the 6GB capacity of the RTX 2060 card). That being said, it takes more than 10 minutes to complete the task. Of course, I have to turn off all other apps, and browser tabs or hibernate them. If I don't, the laptop's fans begin to spin up like an airplane propeller. It's worth mentioning that I've tried to do this with other IDEs and all seem to fail with some error or another, usually out of VRAM issue. I've only gotten it to work with ComfyUI.

I use an anaconda environment, though would have preferred an "uv" environment, on Linux and automate the startup sequence using the following script (start_comfy.sh) from the term rather than manually starting the environment from same said term:

#!/bin/bash

#

# temporary shell version

eval "$(conda shell.bash hook)"

conda activate comfy-env

comfy launch -- --lowvram --cpu-vae

Here are some of the images: https://imgbox.com/nqjYhdx3 https://imgbox.com/93vSWFic https://imgbox.com/qs1898dz

I'm hesitant to increase the sizes of the renders as that will surely stress my laptop's components.


I'm not running local for exactly the same reason, to not stress my components. As it seems we are in for a long haul due to this AI bubble (can't wait for it to pop) so need to make sure I survive this madness, as for sure I can't afford to replace anything right now.


I don't know that any AI bubble will pop. AI can be used to accelerate therapies, cures, make scientific advancements. Add to that, quantum science technology which if successful, should accelerate things, depending on who's the one at the wheel. Problem is the gap between now and then (e.g. age abundance). It's going to be a difficult road for good number of the population until that day comes. I'm scouting potential locations of bridges, to live under, so that I can find and claim one when homeless day arrives.

I can't help but feel that companies using AI, engaging in employee layoffs, are shooting themselves in the foot. The endgame for them will be zero profits, since displaced workers translates to no money to pay for goods and services :|


Both the bubble popping and it's legitimate use cases can exist at the same time.

For example, the www bubble popped, but the Internet didn't go away


True


I'm using ROG Phantom laptop with Strix Halo iGPU that has a whopper of 128 GB VRAM. Next year there will be the rumored Medusa Halo with 256 GB VRAM, which is more than enough to run DeepSeek V4 Flash.


I don't think you're the odd one out. I would be very curious to try to run Opus 4.7 on a (high end) laptop. I'd also like to see how it runs on a high-end workstation rig built for it.


You burn your lap?


Nothing special?

I mean, inference engine might need to get some tweaks, to support whatever compute is available. But then, if you put a few terabytes of disk for swap, and replace RAM to bigger sticks if possible, it should work? Slowly, of course, but there is no reason it should not to.


The big difference will be measuring seconds per token instead of tokens per second.


Seconds per token is just fractional tokens per second ;)


> fractional

Reciprocal?


You can if you have enough ram slots?



"AI can make mistakes, so double-check responses."


FWIW, in Walters v OpenAI, a judge rejected that argument made in OpenAI's motion to dismiss [0]. The case ended up being ruled on different merits though (namely, that the user knew the statements were a hallucination so there was no defamation).

> First, Riehl did not and could not reasonably read ChatGPT’s output as defamatory. By its very nature, AI-generated content is probabilistic and not always factual, and there is near universal consensus that responsible use of AI includes fact-checking prompted outputs before using or sharing them. OpenAI clearly and consistently conveys these limitations to its users. Immediately below the text box where users enter prompts, OpenAI warns: “ChatGPT may produce inaccurate information about people, places, or facts.” Before using ChatGPT, users agree that ChatGPT is a tool to generate “draft language,” and that they must verify, revise, and “take ultimate responsibility for the content being published.” And upon logging into ChatGPT, users are again warned “the system may occasionally generate misleading or incorrect information and produce offensive content. It is not intended to give advice.”

Separately, it's broadly correct that there is no Section 230 argument to be made. "Everyone" knows that Section 230 doesn't apply to this. I can't find anyone making any legal arguments that it would.

0: https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.31...


That judge lives on a mighty tall ivory tower.


That just ended up inadvertently reminding me, Windows Vista is actually almost old enough to be at the minimum legal drinking age in the US.

Windows 8 is nearly a decade and a half old as well.

Time really does fly.


This almost sounds like The Monkey's Paw by Jacobs.


Kinda sorts. The systems that the "MacOS on CHRP" thing ran on had a very strange looking device tree, with some bizarre combination of PC and Mac peripherals.

  Apple Cobra Open Firmware CHRP 1.1 B3 built on 08/18/97 at 13:04:24
  Copyright Apple Computer 1994,1996,1997
  Copyright IBM Corporation 1996
  All rights reserved.
   ok
  0 > dev / ls 
  ff82ec18: /cpus
  ff82ee08:   /PowerPC,604e@0
  ff82f600: /chosen
  ff82f750: /memory@0
  ff82f8d8: /memory-controller@fec00000
  ff82f9d8: /openprom
  ff82fab8: /rom@ff000000
  ff82ff48:   /boot-rom@fff00000
  ff830060: /options
  ff830828: /aliases
  ff830c78: /packages
  ff830d00:   /deblocker
  ff8314c8:   /disk-label
  ff832090:   /obp-tftp
  ff835db8:   /mac-parts
  ff836578:   /mac-files
  ff837de0:   /fat-files
  ff839700:   /iso-9660-files
  ff83a148:   /bootinfo-loader
  ff83b7d0:   /xcoff-loader
  ff83c060:   /pe-loader
  ff83c7d0:   /elf-loader
  ff83da18:   /terminal-emulator
  ff83dab0: /rtas
  ff83dc70: /pci@80000000
  ff83ff38:   /isa@b
  ff8414e0:     /nvram@i74
  ff841ad0:     /rtc@i70
  ff842500:     /parallel@i378
  ff842988:     /serial@i3f8
  ff843020:     /serial@i2f8
  ff8436b8:     /sound@i534
  ff850288:     /8042@i60
  ff8515f8:       /keyboard@0
  ff854b88:       /mouse@1
  ff8554c0:     /fdc@i3f0
  ff858730:       /disk@1
  ff85bac0:     /op-panel@i808
  ff85bba0:     /pwr-mgmt@i82a
  ff85bed8:     /timer@i40
  ff85c070:     /interrupt-controller@i20
  ff85c250:     /dma-controller@i0
  ff85c738:   /pci-ide@b,1
  ff85d028:     /ide@0
  ff85db78:     /ide@1
  ff85e6c8:       /cdrom@0
  ff862e60:   /mac-io@d
  ff863468:     /scsi@10000
  ff865298:       /disk
  ff8660c8:       /tape
  ff8671b8:     /adb@11000
  ff867cb0:       /keyboard@2
  ff8685a0:       /mouse@3
  ff8687c0:     /escc-legacy@12000
  ff8689b8:       /ch-a@12002
  ff868b08:       /ch-b@12000
  ff868c58:     /escc@13000
  ff868e40:       /ch-a@13020
  ff869500:       /ch-b@13000
  ff869bc0:     /via@16000
  ff869cb0:     /interrupt-controller@40000
  ff869e70:   /cirrus@e
  ff86e2c8:   /pci1022,2000@f
   ok
  0 >
Refer to the "Macintosh Technology in the Common Hardware Reference Platform" book for more information, if you're curious about the Mac IO pieces.

The Motorola Yellowknife board seems remarkably similar to this system, as well as the IBM Long Trail system (albeit with Long Trail using a VLSI Golden Gate versus a MPC106 memory controller). Both of them use W83C553 southbridges and PC87307 Super I/O controllers.

The architecture is kind of weird, but the schematics on NXP's website can probably elucidate a bit more on the system's design.


Mildly related, sort of, one can prevent expansion of variadic macros as follows:

   #define printf(...)

   int (printf)(const char *, ...);
I keep on seeing many random code bases just resort to #undef instead...


Doesn't this trigger warnings?


Function like macros literally requires name( , i.e name followed directly by open paren, otherwise no macro substitution occurs. so (name)() will always suppress function like macros (but not non-function ones, i.e regular #define name xxx)


You also get "Program Files (ARM)" (including a complementary "SysArm32") on older arm64 systems too.


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